Emissions Optimal Vehicle Selection and Battery Sizing

o Emissions Optimal Vehicle Selection and Battery Sizing

Every parameter build_coefficients() consumes is a slider above, plus HEV's own fuel-economy/M_body sliders (HEV has no range/battery decision, mirroring ICEV) -- nothing else is held fixed except the grid resolution itself. Fuel economy is entered as MPG/MPGe (converted via the EPA gasoline-gallon-equivalent constant, 33.7 kWh/gge) and battery/body service life as years -- both converted internally to the kWh/km and days the model actually consumes. Grid: m∈[0.1,300] km, std∈[0.1,300] km, 150×150 points. m_min lowered from params.py's own GRID['m_min']=5 to 0.1 to show the near-zero-travel region where HEV wins by avoiding BEV/PHEV's mandatory minimum-battery manufacturing floor (ICEV is excluded from the choice set entirely -- strictly inferior to HEV, see Sec. II of the paper).

Vehicle choice

Lowest daily lifecycle emissions of all four; BEV/PHEV shaded by optimal battery size

BEV optimal battery capacity X^*_B

Full grid [kWh]; red line = region where BEV is actually optimal; hatching = pinned to a battery-capacity bound

PHEV optimal battery capacity X^*_P

Full grid [kWh]; red line = region where PHEV is actually optimal; hatching = pinned to a battery-capacity bound

Reference point (red star)

m — mean daily distance [km]

std [km]

Snaps to the nearest grid cell; the star marker moves on all three heatmaps and the table below updates.

Daily lifecycle emissions @ reference point [kg CO₂e/day]

Vehicle	Emissions	R^* [km]	X^* [kWh]

Derived quantities & existence conditions